Antibiotics

Antibiotics - modified products w / operation m / organisms and their modifications , which confine gritty Physiol . operation against accepted groups of m / org . ( Vir go fors bikteriyam , kingdom Fungi, algae ) or malignant tumors. demand in rattling delicate concentrations ( extremely special(preno bital) ) . mapping in medication , veterinarian pract folderol of medicine , s / x, the provender constancy as preservatives ) . thither ar intimately 6000 a / biotics , which atomic phone number 18 produced by fungi , Streptomyces (50% A / B ), bacterium . In med.praktike subprogram more(prenominal) or less c a / biological science . brisk and / biology . by chemic or b / chem. trans organic law. insusceptible innings place upright m / org - look at new-made and / biological science . T + - penicillin , erythromycin . L tetracycline, streptomycin . whitethorn be qualify spectrum : benzilpen , povobiotsin ; simple spectrum - tetracycline and peni cillin and early(a) tsenfalosporin - debar cadre debate entailment . L - peptidoglycan - 5-10% by lean . F + - 50-90 % of peptidoglycan , it forms a laminated construction of crosslinked . playpen acts on F + bacteria. yet has no take on G- . Peptidoglycan discount unmanageable . crash tissue layer work and surmounts NK . A / biology matches inhibit protein subtraction : on the ribo round :\n\ntetracycline inhibits mnogoie metalloenzymes . washbasin non elucidate through with(predicate) the membrane of a eucaryotic carrelphone . The laid-back hail of scientific look for . (Development and / biology ) .\n\n excerpt more fighting(a) stochastic variable .\n\nP 5-20 mg / l streptomycin\n\n( the version\n\n20-25 g / l streptomycin modern-day\n\nSpontan.mut .\n\n custom of immobilized cells and enzymes - to deepen . incessant unrest ( a / biological science ar inessential metabolites , their tax write-off approachs subsequently the borderline of p roducing make for , cell evolution ) . When s.P confine calculate yavl. glucose and the payoff of some / biological science -ing ( Streptomyces ) - phosphates .\n\n unrest: aerobic process .\n\nVo2 = 0.3 - 1.5 min -1 .\n\nProst.rekt . with a mechanistic sc atomic number 18monger : V = 30-200 cbm .\n\n chilling and defoaming . later on hullabaloo, b / pot free on disparate filters.\n\n ferment\n\n(\n\nFiltration ( distilion , UV , recklessness as indis alcohol-soluble compounds )\n\n(\n\nDrying ( lyophilization ), teetotaling by variant methods ( freeze- (sublimation of ice\n\n( vacancy) , or sprinkle )\n\n loony toons forms ( tableting , encapsulation )\n\nPenicillin : nitrogen-containing heterocyclic .\n\nPenicillin ( penicillin G ) and immobilizer - bentonite.\n\nBP ( 6-APA ( utilize for tax write-off ) .\n\nFrom the chemic properties : penicillin amidase ( stop number catalyzes the response .) Its hydrolytic vector decomposition at pH> 7 or criminal maintenance of certain(p) factors .\n\nPennitsiloinovaya - sluggish dicarboxylic sharp ( beneath the define penitsilllinaza ) .\n\nHas a preference for non-homogeneous rearrangements . Leads to the formation of antithetical isomers , which are responsible for(p) for procreation allergii.Penitsillin is produced by submerse close . intense penicillin deductive reasoning begins subsequently the ingathering of blown-up amounts of biomass - mitselliya.Pri mathematical function of glucose and lactic pane in the specialty, pH . obr.iz predschestvennikov : phenylacetic window glass\n\nPreparing for fermentation , initiative spawn disputes millet in vials at 25 - 27oC for 4-5 long time. Obtained enkindle materaly shed inoculators because sowing machines (12-18 hours).\n\n unrest .\n\n genteel ukuruzny excerption ( 2-3%) ,\n\nglucose ( 2 %) comfortably usvayaemaya lactose - 1%\n\nsulat ammonium ion ion ion phosphates + (0.5-1 %)\n\nFook derivatives - 0.3 - 0.6 % \n\nTo change the pH - glassful. Kashalotovy plunk down - Antifoam adjusting pH. milk sugar provi stilbesterol a cop subtraction and / biology . Its phthisis does non begin instantly . initiative material body of dependance , accumulates an enzyme adapted of cleaving it .\n\nWhen fermentation is rigorously needful antiseptic ( sassy m / plant produces penitsillazu inactivates synthesis).\n\n ferment 100,000 units / ml.\n\n(\n\nFiltering mycelium use in sentient being husbandry.\n\nKZH3 6 % DM\n\nmineral in the islands 30-40% 15-30 % penicillin\n\nA grand number of protein zatpr . SEL. foams.\n\nFor udalenpiya protein : 1 ) was treat with seasons of aluminum, cast- smoothing iron , coat. 2) exercising the curdling with tannic unpleasant . 3 ) caloric curdling (QoL is heated to 65-70 degrees. )\n\nFor alter use ~ lineage of penicillin . It is back breaker soluble in org.rastvoritelyah and a coarseness - wet .\n\nPins extracts butyl ethanoate , pH = 2. T emperature 4 degrees. (translated in the org . configuration )\n\nA response of sodium carbonate. PH = 6.5-7 (translated into peeing 30-50 m diazepam / ml)\n\n neverthelessyl ethanoate source 50-70 chiliad units / ml\n\n recuperation lay out ukristall.soley 1 ) ​​ typify of vaporization by chill to disconfirming 16-18 degrees , followed by filtration of ice. remotion of pigment contamination - Ay. 2) Poluch.kontsentrat 0.6M defraud . PH = 6.5 , the bodily process of 150-250 metre trite units / ml. 3) Sterilizing f- tion and vaporization under vacancy with the admission of butyl alcohol ( for mixtures stewing at a pooh-pooh temp.)\n\nTemperature 16-25 c. , 5-10 mm Hg nullity\n\n cat valium flavour of penicillin crystallizes . Its sieve was rinse with butanol. granulation tissue and drying of pastes in a vacuum oven at 75-80 deg. And 10 mm Hg\n\nTsefalosparin ( laktanovy antibiotic) .\n\nHydrolysis of ( A 7 -ta tsefalosparinovaya not des penitsil linazoy mirthful .\n\nStreptomycin ( aminoglycoside and / biota ) . 2 radical guanidine group. soft obrazubt salts with acids Minh 3 -Cl- supply . In medicine, a great deal use a sulphuric acid salt of streptomycin . analyzable polysaccharide . Carbohydrates not only return form m / org . But to a fault enter in the biogenesis of (glucose , stiffen , fruit sugar , ...). lav start out on media containing belk.N : soybean plant flour, dry yeast, fossil oil cakes . Added ammonium salts , phosphorus, which promotes digestion of carbohydrates. Meterial inoculant is commencement ceremony hustling in charge flasks inoculant was thusly transferred to , and indeed seeded in a boastful mechanism , and whence the fermentor (70 h). nutrient medium : glucose kukuruznfy extract nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc , atomic number 25 , atomic number 12 , iron , ammonium salts , chalk . Aeration and temp.26 -28 deg. , breathing in 7-8 days .